Anhydride muaj cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb hauv ntau qhov chaw

Tso lus

Anhydride yog ib feem ntawm cov kua qaub uas muaj oxygen tom qab tshem tawm ib lossis ob peb lub molecules ntawm dej. Tshwj xeeb, dav inorganic acids yog cov anhydrides tsim los ntawm kev poob ncaj qha ntawm ib qho dej ntawm cov kua qaub, thiab qhov valence ntawm cov ntsiab lus uas txiav txim siab acidity hauv cov anhydrides tseem tsis hloov. Organic acids yog tsim los ntawm lub cev qhuav dej ntawm ob lossis ntau lub molecules ntawm cov kua qaub. Tsuas yog cov kua qaub uas muaj oxygen muaj cov anhydrides, thaum cov anaerobic acids tsis muaj anhydrides.
Anhydride feem ntau tuaj yeem suav tias yog oxide tsim los ntawm cov kua qaub dehydration (tab sis cov anhydride ntawm cov organic acids tsis yog oxides). Ntau tus tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog dej dua los tsim cov kua qaub qub. Raws li cov khoom ntawm cov kua qaub, acid anhydrides tuaj yeem muab faib ua inorganic acid anhydrides thiab organic acid anhydrides. Cov anhydrides ntawm inorganic acids yog tsim los ntawm lub cev qhuav dej thiab condensation ntawm ib los yog ob tug acid molecules, xws li carbon dioxide (acid anhydride) thiab dinitrogen pentoxide (nitrate anhydride). Lub anhydride ntawm ib qho organic acid yog ib qho chaw tsim los ntawm lub cev qhuav dej thiab condensation ntawm ob monobasic acid molecules los yog ib tug binary acid molecule. Txawm hais tias nws tsis yog oxide, nws tseem hu ua anhydride, xws li acetic anhydride thiab phthalic anhydride.
Anhydride muaj cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb hauv ntau qhov chaw, xws li cov organic synthesis, dyes, kev lag luam tshuaj, thiab kev tsim cov acetyl compounds. Nws kuj yog siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj thiab lub cev qhuav dej, thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb acetylation reagent thiab polymer pib. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los tsim cov organic kuaj anhydrides, suav nrog acid catalysis, esterification, thiab oxidation.